Abstract: The rapid advancement of the smart media era has profoundly reshaped the modes of information dissemination and reception, presenting both unprecedented opportunities and challenges to ideological and political education for college students. Based on the inherent attributes of smart media technology, it systematically dissected the core dilemmas confronting ideological and political education in the new era: information overload and value disorientation, fragmentation of educational content, insufficient integration of educational carriers, privacy protection and information security risks, and the lagging role transformation of educational subjects. To solve these problems, targeted innovative development pathways are proposed from four dimensions: "strengthening the core leading role of ideological and political education practitioners", "innovating educational content and pedagogical approaches", "enhancing the integration of educational carriers", and "forging a synergistic educational force". It aimed to provide a theoretical and practical reference for improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education.