Abstract: To solve the core problems of TBM construction under complex geological conditions, it investigates the construction technologies of TBM from two dimensions-equipment modification and construction process optimization-taking a plateau railway tunnel project as an example. Regarding equipment adaptability, measures including cutterhead structure optimization, over-excavation capacity enhancement, and drainage system upgrading were implemented to improve the tunneling performance of TBM in fractured rock formations. In terms of construction processes, the "long-distance staged reverse drainage" and "intelligent drainage guidance for fractured rock formations" technologies effectively solved the drainage problems in water-rich strata. Additionally, the anti-jamming technology, integrated with advanced prediction, real-time monitoring, and dynamic control, significantly reduced the risk of TBM jamming through strategies such as over-excavation hob application, shield pressure monitoring, and advanced support.